…Injects $17.81bn as Interventions in FX Markets

By Yahaya Umar 

Central Bank of Nigeria has released the list of Bureau de Change dealers it approved.

According to the fresh list published by the apex bank, the total number of approved BDC dealers were reduced to 2,991.

The document titled ‘Approved BDCs’, revealed that the licenses of 2,698 BDCs have been withdrawn.

In 2022, the Central Bank published similar list in a document with reference: REF: FPR/DIR/PUB/CIR/001/037, titled, ‘List of CBN Licensed Bureaux De Change As at December 31, 2021’ where the CBN had approved 5,689 black market dealers.

BDCs in Nigeria are the major influencers of exchange rate. Prior to the Bola Tinubu era, the operators had grown from 74 in 2005 to 5,689 in 2021.

The BDCs grew by more than 100 per cent under Emefiele who later banned the sale of foreign exchange to BDCs over round tripping and involvement in illegal financial flows.

Under Tinubu, a document titled, ‘Policy Advisory Council Report: National Economy Sub-committee’, advised implementation of key reforms like raising the capitalisation for BDC operators.

Another suggestion by the council was for the CBN to allow the Nigerian banks to operate as the primary dealers to supply the forex market.

Since the naira was floated by the CBN in June, the currency has fallen to N795.28 at the Investors’ and Exporters’ FX window.

The situation is worse at the parallel market where it closed at N820 per dollar, the British pounds closed N1095 and the Euro N905.

In a recent statement by the President of the Association of Bureau De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON), Aminu Gwadebe, he said the FX market would remain volatile because BDCs are excluded from the I&E window.

’The volatility of the naira continues to underpin the slow economic growth of Nigeria. The I&E window is laudable, it’s patriotic and nationalistic, but there is no policy that can actualize its mission without carrying the interest of the subsector (which is the BDCs).

“The I&E window is supposed to run on three legs, the banks, the CBN and the BDCs, overtly or covertly, the BDCs are missing,’’ said Gwadabe.

Reacting to the development, the Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise, Muda Yusuf, said the trimming of BDC operators cannot be disassociated from the discussions on sanitizing the black market.

Yusuf said, “There was a time they were talking about reviewing the capitalization for the BDC. Perhaps, it is only those who met the capital requirement that have been now approved for operations.

“This may have been responsible. You know they were too many and they were just using the BDCs to favour people. When the CBN was still giving out dollars to BDCS most people were just making free money left and right using the BDCs and the authorities, some of them were using it as favour to people.

“They will give the license to go and be enjoying the arbitrage. So, I think it is part of the process of cleaning up the foreign exchange space.”

in a similar vein the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) sold $17.81 billion in its interventions at the interbank foreign exchange market in a bid to ease demand pressure and promote exchange rate stability in the country in the year 2022.

This is according to figures in its Financial Markets Department Annual Activity for 2022, which showed that the CBN’s intervention at the interbank comprised spot sales of $7.11 billion and forward sales of $10.69 billion.

Within the spot sales, the apex bank facilitated $2.46 billion at the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange (NAFEX) window, $1.42 billion at the inter-bank market, $1.59 billion for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and $1.62 billion for invisibles.

Additionally, CBN purchased $2.17 billion in the interbank market, resulting in net sales of $15.64 billion. Comparatively, in 2021, total sales amounted to $16.55 billion, including spot sales of $8.82 billion and forward sales of $7.73 billion. A total of $1.69 billion had been purchased in 2021, resulting in a net sale of $14.81 billion.

Also, $13.53 billion matured in the forward segment, while $8.31 billion remained outstanding at the end of December 2022.

According to the report, the increase in foreign exchange purchases in 2022 was primarily attributed to heightened acquisitions from International Oil Companies (IOCs), reflecting their contribution to the overall volume.

At the Naira-Settled Over-the-Counter (OTC) Foreign Exchange Futures market, trading reached $4.17 billion, with $5.38 billion maturing and $4.29 billion remaining outstanding at the end of December 2022. Comparatively, $6.87 billion was traded in 2021, with $20.45 billion maturing and $5.33 billion outstanding.

Meanwhile, the report showed that in line with the Bi-lateral Currency Swap Agreement (BCSA) with the People’s Bank of China, the CBN sustained fortnightly auctions of the Chinese yuan (CNY) at the Retail Secondary Market Intervention Sales (SMIS) window.

In the course of 2022, CNY2.67 billion (Chinese Yuan) was sold in 26 auctions, slightly lower than the previous year’s figure of CNY3.31 billion. The total sales under the BCSA from inception to end December 2022 reached CNY8.45 billion.